L8
Key Words:
evolution 進化;發展
Primates 靈長類
deceive 欺騙
deliberate 深思熟慮
deception 詐欺
acquire 學到 gain
cooperative 合作的
symptom 徵兆
autism 自我中心主義
utterance 話語
Witness (N.) a person who saw an accident or a crime 證人
Testify (v.) when someone testifies in a court of law, they give a statement of what they saw someone do or what they know of a situation. 作證
suitcase (n) 手提箱
legitimate: 合法（合理）的
mechanism 技巧
overboard 全心投入的
be tempt to 引起
fire alarm (n.)火警
consequence (n.)後果
Sake: Purpose; motive
lighthearted 輕鬆的.漫不經心的
exaggeration 誇張.誇大
swallow 吞嚥
rod 竿.棒.桿
alternatively 二者擇其一的
hoax 騙局.玩笑.惡作劇
peasant 農夫小耕農
dangle 懸蕩.吊.掛

Summary:
Primates develop the ability to deceive, but the deception is tied to language abilities.
Children are not born to know how to lie. When they learn language skills, they tell a lie as cooperative behavior. Some sufferers of autism neither lie nor totally know the lies of others. As for them, it is hard to take part in everyday life because it is probable that they take utterances at face value. It is acceptable if people told a lie reasonably because lying is a social survival skill in this society. The lie one talks about that if people ask how you are, but since you have been sick for all morning; your answer may be “fine”. Lie two is that when you buy something with a large bill because you may need the change for the bus fare or phone; however, the clerk ask that if you have smaller one, you will say no even if you have.
Lie three is that you are a witness of a car accident; however, in order to avoid being involved you will say I'm sorry, I didn't see it eventually. Lie four is that a thief breaks into your house and asks where the money is; you may point to your wallet and would not say there is a suitcase under the bed. The final lie is that when your friend is upset because she just broke up with her boyfriend and don't have mood in class, so when your teacher ask where is she, you may say she is sick instead of telling the truth. Avoiding an unhappy social situation is one of the most legitimate reasons for lying. People do not take responsibilities when they make mistakes. People just want to protect themselves. There are many bad consequences when people lie. Many people tell a lie for they own good; still, others may lie for no particular reason, just for fun.
If you had remembered to check if the fire alarm were working, the consequences of lying could be more serious. Sometimes people lie just for entertainment, and make fun of others. They just want to see how credulous the other person is. The way they do may be presented by jokes, tall tales or hoaxes.
A tall tale is complex and usually present by a involved story. And the teller did not care whether the listener believes or not. The other is hoax. Hoax is a kind of lie to a fool .It often with visual proof. In addition, if you make a trick on a special day, few people may recognize it quickly as an April Fools's Day hoax.

L.6
Pirate劫掠者
Terrorize: force sb. to do sth. by threat of violence.恐嚇,脅迫
動詞變化形: Terrorized; terrorized; terrorizing
In search of: find out sth.
cruelty:殘酷,殘忍[U]
terrifying害怕,恐怖的
myth : a story from ancient times, especially one that was told to explain natural events or to describe the early history of a people; this type of story 神話dismayed : feel shocked and discouraged 驚慌 ; 沮喪的
Prospect: the possibility that sth. will happen 希望
feisty adj 活躍的 ; 好爭吵的surrender v.投降,自首 = give up
take up with:開始與..交往
odd:奇特的
fabric:織品
pardon:原諒
piracy:剽竊
execute:將..處死
attempt to:嘗試
Valiant: boldly courageous; brave; stout-hearted: a valiant soldier
Captured: to take by force or stratagem
Predicament: an unpleasantly difficult, perplexing
Execution: the act or process of executing
Nunnery: a building or group of buildings for nuns
pillage(v.)搶奪；掠劫
strategist(n.)戰略家；軍事家
discipline : 紀律,風紀;教養
impose : 把...強加於[(+on/upon)]
behead: 砍...的頭,把...斬首
ruthless: 無情的,殘忍的 (adj.)
brute:殘忍的;蠻橫的
spare :饒恕,赦免;不傷害 (v.)
Summary:
It states there were the hundreds of women pirates in our history which people often overlooked. It may be a myth that one of the earliest women pirates appeared. Alwilda was promised in marriage to Prince Alf. However, Alwilda was discouraged that she decided to get away. She was dressed in men's clothes and sailed to the Baltic Sea with her female friends. Alwilda became the new captain on the ship of which had lost their captain and they had a battle with Denmark. Finally, the pirates give up and she decide to marry the Prince of Denmark and became the Queen of Denmark. Bonny made friend with John Rackham whose nickname is Calico Jack. He was a pirate, and his name came from the odd fabric in his pants. Bonny knew she would be executed because she tried to murder her father. After her last brave fight she was captured. After her friend John Rackman was hung she said she was sorry to see him in this awakward situation. However, he had fought like a man but he has to die like a dog. The paragraph ends talking about there was no record in what happened to Anne Bonny. Was she executed or did she escape execution to become a nun? Cheng I Sao was a woman who took in charge her deceased husband's piratic fleet which consisted of over 1500 ships that plundered the traffic on sea and towns from the whole Chinese coast to the far Malaysia. Cheng's battle plans and discipline were incredibly ruthless. She often used brute force and discipline as the punishments.